Calculate ionic character percentage in chemical bonds using Pauling's formula. Determine bond polarity and classify bonds as covalent, polar, or ionic. Free chemistry tool with examples.
Calculate the percentage of ionic character in a chemical bond using Pauling's formula.
% ionic character = (1 - e^(-0.25 * (Δχ)²)) * 100, where Δχ is the difference in electronegativity
The ionic character of a chemical bond is determined by the difference in electronegativity between the atoms:
Discover more tools that might be useful for your workflow