calculatorTitle
temperatureRange
pressureRange
ืชืืขืื
ืืืฉืืื ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืื
ืืงืืื
ืืืืฉืืื ืืืฉืืื ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืฉื ืืขื ืืงืืืข ืืืืืืง ืืช ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืื ืืืชืืกืก ืขื ืงืืื ืืืคืจืืืจื ืืืืฅ. ืืชืืื (CโHโ) ืืื ืืื ืืืืืืจืื ืืืืจืื ืืื ืืืฉืืืื ืืืืชืจ ืืชืขืฉืืืช ืืคืืจืืืืืื, ืืืฉืืฉ ืืืกืืก ืืืืฆืจืื ืจืืื ืืืื ืคืืกืืืง, ืื ืืืคืจืื ืืกืืืื ืกืื ืชืืืื. ืืื ืช ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืื ืืื ืงืจืืืืช ืขืืืจ ืืืฉืืืื ืื ืืกืืื, ืชืื ืื ืชืืืืืื, ืฉืืงืืื ืืืกืื ืืืืืืกืืืงืช ืชืืืืจื ืืชืขืฉืืืช ืฉืื ืืช, ืืื ืืืืฆืืจ ืคืืจืืืืื ืืขื ืืขืจืืืช ืงืืจืืจ.
ืืืืฉืืื ืืื ืขืืฉื ืฉืืืืฉ ืืืืืืื ืชืจืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืงืื ืืื ืืืขืจืื ืืช ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืื ืืืืื ืจืื ืฉื ืืืคืจืืืจืืช (104K ืขื 282K) ืืืืฆืื (1 ืขื 100 ืืจ), ืืืกืคืง ืืื ืืกืื, ืืืขื ืื ืืืงืฆืืขื ืื ืืชืขืฉืืื ื ืชืื ืื ืืืืื ืื ืขืืืจ ืืืืฉืืืื ืฉืืื. ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืื ืืฉืชื ื ืืืืคื ืืฉืืขืืชื ืขื ืืืคืจืืืจื ืืืืฅ, ืื ืฉืืืคื ืืืฉืืืื ืืืืืงืื ืืืืจืืืื ืขืืืจ ืชืื ืื ืืชืคืขืื ื ืืื ืฉื ืืืขืจืืช.
ืืืฆื ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืื ืืืืฉืืช
ืืืืื ืืืชืืื
ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืื ืืืืฉืืช ืืืืฆืขืืช ืืชืื DIPPR (ืืืื ืืขืืฆืื ืืชืืื ืืช ืคืืืืงืืืืช) ืขื ืชืืงืื ืืืฅ. ืืืฉื ืื ืืกืคืงืช ืืขืจืืืช ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืืืืงืืช ืืืืื ืฉืื ืื ืืื ืฉื ืืชืืื.
ืืืฉืืืื ืืืกืืกืืช ืืืืฉืื ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืื ืืืืฅ ืืืืืก ืืื:
ืืืคื:
- = ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืื (ืง"ื/ืยณ)
- = ืืงืื ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืกืืกื (700 ืขืืืจ ืืชืืื)
- = ืืืคืจืืืจื (K)
- = ืืืคืจืืืจื ืงืจืืืืช ืฉื ืืชืืื (283.18K)
- = ืืืง (0.29683 ืขืืืจ ืืชืืื)
- = ืืงืื ืืืคืจืืืจื (0.8 ืขืืืจ ืืชืืื)
ืืื ืืงืืช ืืืฉืืื ืืช ืืฉืคืขืืช ืืืืฅ, ืืืื ืชืืงืื ืืืฅ:
ืืืคื:
- = ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืืืฅ P (ืง"ื/ืยณ)
- = ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืืืฅ ืืืืืก (ืง"ื/ืยณ)
- = ืืืืกืืช ืืืืืชืจืืืช (ืืขืจื 0.00125 MPaโปยน ืขืืืจ ืืชืืื ื ืืืื)
- = ืืืฅ (MPa)
- = ืืืฅ ืืืืืก (0.1 MPa ืื 1 ืืจ)
ืืืืืื ืืืืืืืช ืชืงืคืืช
ืืืื ืืืืฉืื ืืื ืชืงืฃ ืืืืืืื ืกืคืฆืืคืืื:
- ืืืคืจืืืจื: 104K ืขื 282K (ืืืื ืืช ืฉืื ืื ืืื ืฉื ืืชืืื)
- ืืืฅ: 1 ืขื 100 ืืจ
ืืืืฅ ืืืืืืื ืืื, ืืชืืื ืขืฉืื ืืืชืงืืื ืืืฆืืื ืืืืื ืื ืกืืคืจ ืงืจืืืืื, ืืืืจืฉ ืฉืืืืช ืืืฉืื ืฉืื ืืช. ืื ืงืืื ืืงืจืืืืช ืฉื ืืชืืื ืืื ืืขืจื 283.18K ื-50.4 ืืจ, ืฉืืขืืจ ืื ืืชืืื ืงืืื ืื ืืื ืกืืคืจ ืงืจืืื.
ืืืจืื ืฉืื-ืืืจ-ืฉืื ืืฉืืืืฉ ืืืืฉืืื
ืคืจืืืจื ืงืื
-
ืื ืืกืช ืืืคืจืืืจื:
- ืืื ืืช ืขืจื ืืืืคืจืืืจื ืืงืืืืื (K)
- ืืืื ืชืงืฃ: 104K ืขื 282K
- ืื ืืฉ ืื ืืืคืจืืืจื ืืฆืืืืืก (ยฐC), ืืืจ ืืืืฆืขืืช: K = ยฐC + 273.15
- ืื ืืฉ ืื ืืืคืจืืืจื ืืคืจื ืืืื (ยฐF), ืืืจ ืืืืฆืขืืช: K = (ยฐF - 32) ร 5/9 + 273.15
-
ืื ืืกืช ืืืฅ:
- ืืื ืืช ืขืจื ืืืืฅ ืืืจ
- ืืืื ืชืงืฃ: 1 ืขื 100 ืืจ
- ืื ืืฉ ืื ืืืฅ ืืืืืืืช ืืืจืืช:
- ื-psi: ืืจ = psi ร 0.0689476
- ื-kPa: ืืจ = kPa ร 0.01
- ื-MPa: ืืจ = MPa ร 10
ืคืจืฉื ืืช ืชืืฆืืืช
ืืืืจ ืืื ืช ืขืจืื ืืืคืจืืืจื ืืืืฅ ืชืงืคืื, ืืืืฉืืื ืืฆืื ืืืืืืืืช:
- ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืื: ืขืจื ืืฆืคืืคืืช ืืืืืฉื ืืง"ื/ืยณ
- ืืืืืืืืืฆืื: ืืจืฃ ืืืจืื ืืช ืืฉืื ืื ืืฆืคืืคืืช ืขื ืืืคืจืืืจื ืืืืฅ ืื ืืืจ
ืื ืชืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืช ืืืขืชืงืื ืืืื ืืืืฆืขืืช ืืืคืชืืจ ืืืกืืคืง ืืฉืืืืฉ ืืื"ื, ืกืืืืืฆืืืช ืื ืืืฉืืืื ืืืจืื.
ืืืฉืืืื ืืืืืื
ืื ื ืืื ืืืฉืืืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืฆื ืืฆืคืืคืืช ืืฉืชื ื ืขื ืืืคืจืืืจื ืืืืฅ:
ืืืคืจืืืจื (K) | ืืืฅ (ืืจ) | ืฆืคืืคืืช (ืง"ื/ืยณ) |
---|---|---|
150 | 10 | 567.89 |
200 | 10 | 478.65 |
250 | 10 | 372.41 |
200 | 50 | 487.22 |
200 | 100 | 498.01 |
ืืคื ืฉืืืฆื ืืืืื, ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืื ืคืืืชืช ืขื ืขืืืืช ืืืคืจืืืจื (ืืืืฅ ืงืืืข) ืืืชืจืงืืช ืขื ืขืืืืช ืืืฅ (ืืืืคืจืืืจื ืงืืืขื).
ืืืฉืื ืืฉืคืืช ืชืื ืืช ืฉืื ืืช
ืื ื ืืืฉืืืื ืฉื ืืืฉืื ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืื ืืืื ืฉืคืืช ืชืื ืืช:
1def calculate_ethylene_density(temperature_k, pressure_bar):
2 """
3 Calculate the density of liquid ethylene based on temperature and pressure.
4
5 Args:
6 temperature_k (float): Temperature in Kelvin (valid range: 104K to 282K)
7 pressure_bar (float): Pressure in bar (valid range: 1 to 100 bar)
8
9 Returns:
10 float: Density of liquid ethylene in kg/mยณ
11 """
12 # Constants for ethylene
13 A = 700
14 Tc = 283.18 # Critical temperature in K
15 n = 0.29683
16 B = 0.8
17 kappa = 0.00125 # Isothermal compressibility in MPaโปยน
18 P_ref = 0.1 # Reference pressure in MPa (1 bar)
19
20 # Convert pressure from bar to MPa
21 pressure_mpa = pressure_bar / 10
22
23 # Calculate density at reference pressure
24 rho_ref = A * (1 - temperature_k/Tc)**n - B * temperature_k
25
26 # Apply pressure correction
27 rho = rho_ref * (1 + kappa * (pressure_mpa - P_ref))
28
29 return rho
30
31# Example usage
32temp = 200 # K
33pressure = 50 # bar
34density = calculate_ethylene_density(temp, pressure)
35print(f"ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืื ื-{temp}K ืื-{pressure} ืืจ: {density:.2f} ืง"ื/ืยณ")
36
1/**
2 * Calculate the density of liquid ethylene based on temperature and pressure.
3 *
4 * @param {number} temperatureK - Temperature in Kelvin (valid range: 104K to 282K)
5 * @param {number} pressureBar - Pressure in bar (valid range: 1 to 100 bar)
6 * @returns {number} Density of liquid ethylene in kg/mยณ
7 */
8function calculateEthyleneDensity(temperatureK, pressureBar) {
9 // Constants for ethylene
10 const A = 700;
11 const Tc = 283.18; // Critical temperature in K
12 const n = 0.29683;
13 const B = 0.8;
14 const kappa = 0.00125; // Isothermal compressibility in MPaโปยน
15 const P_ref = 0.1; // Reference pressure in MPa (1 bar)
16
17 // Convert pressure from bar to MPa
18 const pressureMPa = pressureBar / 10;
19
20 // Calculate density at reference pressure
21 const rhoRef = A * Math.pow(1 - temperatureK/Tc, n) - B * temperatureK;
22
23 // Apply pressure correction
24 const rho = rhoRef * (1 + kappa * (pressureMPA - P_ref));
25
26 return rho;
27}
28
29// Example usage
30const temp = 200; // K
31const pressure = 50; // bar
32const density = calculateEthyleneDensity(temp, pressure);
33console.log(`ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืื ื-${temp}K ืื-${pressure} ืืจ: ${density.toFixed(2)} ืง"ื/ืยณ`);
34
1' Excel VBA Function for Liquid Ethylene Density Calculation
2Function EthyleneDensity(TemperatureK As Double, PressureBar As Double) As Double
3 ' Constants for ethylene
4 Dim A As Double: A = 700
5 Dim Tc As Double: Tc = 283.18 ' Critical temperature in K
6 Dim n As Double: n = 0.29683
7 Dim B As Double: B = 0.8
8 Dim kappa As Double: kappa = 0.00125 ' Isothermal compressibility in MPaโปยน
9 Dim P_ref As Double: P_ref = 0.1 ' Reference pressure in MPa (1 bar)
10
11 ' Convert pressure from bar to MPa
12 Dim PressureMPA As Double: PressureMPA = PressureBar / 10
13
14 ' Calculate density at reference pressure
15 Dim rho_ref As Double: rho_ref = A * (1 - TemperatureK / Tc) ^ n - B * TemperatureK
16
17 ' Apply pressure correction
18 EthyleneDensity = rho_ref * (1 + kappa * (PressureMPA - P_ref))
19End Function
20
21' Usage in Excel cell:
22' =EthyleneDensity(200, 50)
23
1function density = ethyleneDensity(temperatureK, pressureBar)
2 % Calculate the density of liquid ethylene based on temperature and pressure
3 %
4 % Inputs:
5 % temperatureK - Temperature in Kelvin (valid range: 104K to 282K)
6 % pressureBar - Pressure in bar (valid range: 1 to 100 bar)
7 %
8 % Output:
9 % density - Density of liquid ethylene in kg/mยณ
10
11 % Constants for ethylene
12 A = 700;
13 Tc = 283.18; % Critical temperature in K
14 n = 0.29683;
15 B = 0.8;
16 kappa = 0.00125; % Isothermal compressibility in MPaโปยน
17 P_ref = 0.1; % Reference pressure in MPa (1 bar)
18
19 % Convert pressure from bar to MPa
20 pressureMPA = pressureBar / 10;
21
22 % Calculate density at reference pressure
23 rho_ref = A * (1 - temperatureK/Tc)^n - B * temperatureK;
24
25 % Apply pressure correction
26 density = rho_ref * (1 + kappa * (pressureMPA - P_ref));
27end
28
29% Example usage
30temp = 200; % K
31pressure = 50; % bar
32density = ethyleneDensity(temp, pressure);
33fprintf('ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืื ื-%gK ืื-%g ืืจ: %.2f ืง"ื/ืยณ\n', temp, pressure, density);
34
1#include <iostream>
2#include <cmath>
3
4/**
5 * Calculate the density of liquid ethylene based on temperature and pressure.
6 *
7 * @param temperatureK Temperature in Kelvin (valid range: 104K to 282K)
8 * @param pressureBar Pressure in bar (valid range: 1 to 100 bar)
9 * @return Density of liquid ethylene in kg/mยณ
10 */
11double calculateEthyleneDensity(double temperatureK, double pressureBar) {
12 // Constants for ethylene
13 const double A = 700.0;
14 const double Tc = 283.18; // Critical temperature in K
15 const double n = 0.29683;
16 const double B = 0.8;
17 const double kappa = 0.00125; // Isothermal compressibility in MPaโปยน
18 const double P_ref = 0.1; // Reference pressure in MPa (1 bar)
19
20 // Convert pressure from bar to MPa
21 double pressureMPA = pressureBar / 10.0;
22
23 // Calculate density at reference pressure
24 double rho_ref = A * pow(1.0 - temperatureK/Tc, n) - B * temperatureK;
25
26 // Apply pressure correction
27 double rho = rho_ref * (1.0 + kappa * (pressureMPA - P_ref));
28
29 return rho;
30}
31
32int main() {
33 double temp = 200.0; // K
34 double pressure = 50.0; // bar
35 double density = calculateEthyleneDensity(temp, pressure);
36
37 std::cout << "ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืื ื-" << temp << "K ืื-"
38 << pressure << " ืืจ: " << density << " ืง"ื/ืยณ" << std::endl;
39
40 return 0;
41}
42
1public class EthyleneDensityCalculator {
2 /**
3 * Calculate the density of liquid ethylene based on temperature and pressure.
4 *
5 * @param temperatureK Temperature in Kelvin (valid range: 104K to 282K)
6 * @param pressureBar Pressure in bar (valid range: 1 to 100 bar)
7 * @return Density of liquid ethylene in kg/mยณ
8 */
9 public static double calculateEthyleneDensity(double temperatureK, double pressureBar) {
10 // Constants for ethylene
11 final double A = 700.0;
12 final double Tc = 283.18; // Critical temperature in K
13 final double n = 0.29683;
14 final double B = 0.8;
15 final double kappa = 0.00125; // Isothermal compressibility in MPaโปยน
16 final double P_ref = 0.1; // Reference pressure in MPa (1 bar)
17
18 // Convert pressure from bar to MPa
19 double pressureMPA = pressureBar / 10.0;
20
21 // Calculate density at reference pressure
22 double rhoRef = A * Math.pow(1.0 - temperatureK/Tc, n) - B * temperatureK;
23
24 // Apply pressure correction
25 double rho = rhoRef * (1.0 + kappa * (pressureMPA - P_ref));
26
27 return rho;
28 }
29
30 public static void main(String[] args) {
31 double temp = 200.0; // K
32 double pressure = 50.0; // bar
33 double density = calculateEthyleneDensity(temp, pressure);
34
35 System.out.printf("ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืื ื-%.1fK ืื-%.1f ืืจ: %.2f ืง"ื/ืยณ%n",
36 temp, pressure, density);
37 }
38}
39
ืืืฉืืืื ืืืงืจืื
ืืืฉืืืื ืชืขืฉืืืชืืื
-
ืขืืืื ืคืืจืืืืื:
- ืขืจืืื ืืืืืงืื ืฉื ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืืื ืืื ืืชืื ืื ืขืืืื ืืืงืืง, ืืืืืื ืืฆืืื ืืคืจืื ืืืืฆืืจ ืืขืืืื ืืชืืื.
- ืืืฉืืื ืืจืืื ืืฆืื ืืจืืช ืืืฆืืื ืชืืืืื ืืืจืฉืื ื ืชืื ื ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืืืืงืื.
-
ืืืกืื ืืชืืืืจื ืงืจืืืื ืืช:
- ืืชืืื ื ืฉืืจ ืืืืขืืจ ืืขืืชืื ืื ืืื ืงืจืืืื ื. ืืืฉืืื ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืกืืืขืื ืืงืืืข ืืช ืงืืืืืช ืืืืื ืืืืกืื ืืืืืืืช ืืืขื ื.
- ืฉืืงืืื ืืชืคืฉืืืช ืชืจืืืช ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืจืฉืื ืืืกืื ืืืืืงืื ืืื ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืืืคืจืืืจื.
-
ืืืฆืืจ ืคืืืืืชืืื:
- ืืืกืืก ืืขืืงืจื ืืืืฆืืจ ืคืืืืืชืืื, ืชืืื ืืช ืืชืืื ืืืื ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืฉืคืืขืืช ืขื ืงืื ืืืงืช ืืชืืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืืฆืจ.
- ืืืฉืืื ืืืื ืืกื ืืืคืขืื ืืืฆืืจ ืืกืชืืืื ืขื ืขืจืื ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืืืืงืื.
-
ืืขืจืืืช ืงืืจืืจ:
- ืืชืืื ืืฉืืฉ ืืงืจืจ ืืืื ืืขืจืืืช ืงืืจืืจ ืชืขืฉืืืชืืืช, ืืืฉืจ ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืฉืคืืขื ืขื ืืืฆืืขื ืืืขืจืืช ืืืขืืืืชื.
- ืืืฉืืื ืืขืื ื ืขืืืจ ืืขืจืืืช ืงืืจืืจ ืืืจืฉืื ื ืชืื ื ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืืืืงืื.
-
ืืงืจืช ืืืืืช:
- ืืืืืืช ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืืืืืช ืืฉืืฉ ืืืื ืืืงืืืจืื ืืืืืชืืื ืขืืืจ ืืืืจ ืืชืืื ืืืืฆืืจ ืืืืืกืื.
ืืืฉืืื ืืืงืจ
-
ืืืงืจืื ืชืจืืืืื ืืืื:
- ืืืงืจืื ืืืืงืจืื ืืชื ืืืืช ืฉืื ืืืืืืื ืฉื ืืฉืืืืืช ืืฆื ืืฉืชืืฉืื ืื ืชืื ื ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืื ืืืืช ืืืืืื ืชืืืืจืืืื.
- ืืืืืืช ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืืืืงืืช ืืกืืืขืืช ืืคืืชืื ืืชืืืื ืืฉืืคืจืื ืขืืืจ ืชืืื ืืช ื ืืืืืืช.
-
ืคืืชืื ืืืืจืื:
- ืคืืชืื ืคืืืืืจืื ืืืืืจืื ืืืฉืื ืืืืืกืกืื ืขื ืืชืืื ืืืจืฉ ืืื ื ืฉื ืชืืื ืืช ืืคืืืืืช ืฉื ืืืื ืืืจ.
-
ืกืืืืืฆืื ืฉื ืชืืืืืื:
- ืกืืืืืืืจืื ืฉื ืชืืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืจืฉืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืงืื ืฉื ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ืืื ืืืืืช ืืช ืืชื ืืืืช ืืืขืจืืช.
ืชืื ืื ืื ืืกื
-
ืืืื ืฆืืื:
- ืืฉืืืืช, ืฉืกืชืืืื ืืืขืจืืืช ืฆื ืจืช ืืืืคืืืช ืืืชืืื ื ืืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืช ืืืชืืกืก ืขื ืชืืื ืืช ืื ืืื ืืืืืืงืืช ืืืื ืฆืคืืคืืช.
- ืืืฉืืื ืืจืืืช ืืืฅ ืืฆืืื ืชืืืืื ืชืืืืื ืืฆืคืืคืืช ืื ืืื.
-
ืืขืจืืืช ืืืืืืช:
- ืืืื ืฉืกืชืืื ืฉืืจืืจ ืืขืืฆืื ืืขืจืืืช ืืืืืืช ืืืจืฉืื ืขืจืื ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืืืืงืื ืืืืืื ืืคืขืื.
- ืืขืจืืืช ืืืืื ืืืืคืืช ืขืฉืืืืช ืืืฉืชืืฉ ืืืืืืืช ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืืืง ืืืืฉืช ืืืขืงื ืฉืืื.
ืืืืคืืช ืืืืฉืื
ืืขืื ืฉืืืืฉืืื ืืื ืืกืคืง ืืจื ื ืืื ืืืขืจืื ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืื, ืืฉื ื ืืืฉืืช ืืืืคืืืช:
-
ืืืืื ื ืืกืืื ืืช:
- ืืืืื ืืฉืืจื ืืืืฆืขืืช ืื ืกืืืืืืจืื ืื ืคืืงื ืืืืจืื ืืกืคืงืช ืืช ืืชืืฆืืืช ืืืืืืงืืช ืืืืชืจ ืื ืืืจืฉืช ืฆืืื ืืืืื.
- ื ืืชืื ืืขืืืชื ื ืขืฉื ืืืจื ืืื ืขืืืจ ืืจืืฉืืช ืืืืง ืืืืืืช ืื ืืืจืืช ืืืงืจ.
-
ืืืืืื ืฉื ืืฉืืืืืช ืืฆื:
- ืืฉืืืืืช ืืฆื ืืืจืืืืช ืืืชืจ ืืื ืคื ื-ืจืืืื ืกืื, ืกืืืื-ืจืืืื-ืงืืืื ื ืื SAFT ืืืืืืช ืืกืคืง ืืขืจืืืช ืฆืคืืคืืช ืขื ืืืืง ืืืื ืืืชืจ, ืืืืืื ืืงืจืืช ืชื ืืื ืงืจืืืืื.
- ืืืืืื ืืื ืืืจื ืืื ืืืจืฉืื ืชืืื ื ืืืืืืช ืืืฉืืืื ืืืฉืืืืื ื ืืกืคืื.
-
ืืืืจ ืื ืชืื ืื ืฉื NIST REFPROP:
- ืืืืจ ืื ืชืื ืื ืฉื NIST ืืชืืื ืืช ืชืจืืืืื ืืืืช ืืชืืืืจืชืืืช ืฉื ื ืืืืื (REFPROP) ืืกืคืง ื ืชืื ื ืชืืื ื ืืจืืช ืืืืง ืืืืื ืื ืืืจืฉ ืจืืฉืืื.
-
ืืืืืืช ื ืชืื ืื ืฉืคืืจืกืื:
- ืกืคืจื ืขืืื ืืืงืืจืืช ื ืชืื ืื ืฉืคืืจืกืื ืืกืคืงืื ืขืจืื ืฆืคืืคืืช ืื ืงืืืืช ืืืคืจืืืจื ืืืืฅ ืืืกืงืจืืืืช.
- ืืืชืื ืฉืืืื ืฆืืจื ืืืื ืืจืคืืืฆืื ืืื ืขืจืื ืืืืื ืขืืืจ ืชื ืืื ืกืคืฆืืคืืื.
ืืชืคืชืืืช ืืืกืืืจืืช ืฉื ืืืฉืืื ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื
ืืืงืจืื ืืืงืืืื ืฉื ืชืืื ืืช ืืชืืื
ืืืืงืจ ืฉื ืชืืื ืืช ืคืืืืงืืืืช ืฉื ืืชืืื ืืชืืื ืืืื ื-19 ืืืฉืจ ืืืืงื ืคืืจืืืื ืืืื ืืช ืืชืืื ืืจืืฉืื ื ืืฉื ืช 1834 ืืืืฆืขืืช ืฉืืืื ืฉื ืืืคืจืืืจื ื ืืืื ืืืืฅ ืืืื. ืขื ืืืช, ืืืงืจืื ืฉืืืชืืื ืฉื ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ื-20 ืืืืงืืืช ืืืฉืจ ืืืืฉืืืื ืืชืขืฉืืืชืืื ืขืืืจ ืืชืืื ืืชืจืืื.
ืคืืชืื ืืชืืืื
ืืฉื ืืช ื-40 ืื-50, ืืืฉืจ ืชืขืฉืืืช ืืคืืจืืืืืื ืฆืืื ืืืืืจืืช, ื ืืจืฉื ืืืืืืช ืืืืืงืืช ืืืชืจ ืฉื ืชืืื ืืช ืืชืืื. ืืชืืืื ืืืงืืืื ืขืืืจ ืฆืคืืคืืช ื ืืืืืช ืืื ืืืจื ืืื ืคืื ืงืฆืืืช ืคืืืื ืืืืืช ืคืฉืืืืช ืฉื ืืืคืจืืืจื, ืขื ืืืืง ืืืืื ืืืืื.
ืฉื ืืช ื-60 ืจืื ืืช ืืคืืชืื ืฉื ืืืืืื ืืชืงืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืืืืกืกืื ืขื ืขืงืจืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืืชืืืืืช, ืืฉืจ ืืคืฉืจื ืืืขืจืื ืชืืื ืืช ืืืชืืกืก ืขื ืคืจืืืจืื ืงืจืืืืื. ืืืืืื ืืื ืฉืืคืจื ืืช ืืืืืง ืื ืขืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืืืช, ืืืืืื ืืืืฆืื ืืืืืื.
ืืืฉืืช ืืืืจื ืืืช
ืืืื ืืขืืฆืื ืืชืืื ืืช ืคืืืืงืืืืช (DIPPR) ืืื ืืคืชื ืืชืืืื ืกืื ืืจืืืื ืืชืืื ืืช ืืืืืืช ืืฉื ืืช ื-80. ืืืชืืืื ืฉืืื ืขืืืจ ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืื ืืืฆืื ืฉืืคืืจ ืืฉืืขืืชื ืืืืืง ืืืืืื ืืช.
ืืฉื ืื ืืืืจืื ืืช, ืืชืงืืืืช ืืฉืืืืช ืืืฉืื ืืคืฉืจื ืืช ืืคืืชืื ืฉื ืืฉืืืืืช ืืฆื ืืืจืืืืช ืืืชืจ ืฉืืืืืืช ืืืืืช ืืืืืืง ืืช ืชืืื ืืช ืืชืืื ืืืืืืื ืจืืืื ืฉื ืืืคืจืืืจื ืืืืฅ. ืืื ืืงืืช ืกืืืืืฆืื ืืืืงืืืจืืืช ืืืืจื ืืืช ืืืคืฉืจืืช ืื ืืืืืช ืชืืื ืืช ืืขืงืจืื ืืช ืจืืฉืื ืืื.
ืืื ืืงืืช ื ืืกืืื ืืืช
ืืื ืืงืืช ืืืืืื ืขืืืจ ืฆืคืืคืืช ื ืืืืืช ืื ืืชืคืชืื ืืืืคื ืืฉืืขืืชื. ืฉืืืืช ืืืงืืืืช ืืชืืกืกื ืขื ืืื ืืงืืช ืืืืกื ืคืฉืืืืช, ืืขืื ืฉืืืืช ืืืืจื ืืืช ืืืืืืช:
- ืื ืกืืืืืืจืื ืขื ืฆืื ืืจ ืจืืื
- ืืืื ื ืืฉืขืื ืืื ืืืื
- ืคืืงื ืืืืจืื ืขื ืืงืจืช ืืืคืจืืืจื
- ืฉืืืืช ืฉืงืืื ืืืืจืืกืืืืช
ืืื ืืงืืช ืืชืงืืืืช ืืื ืกืืคืงื ืืช ืื ืชืื ืื ืื ืืกืืื ืืื ืืืืืืชืืื ืื ืืจืฉืื ืืคืืชืื ืืืืืืืช ืืืชืืืื ืืืฉืืฉืื ืืืืฉืืื ืื.
ืฉืืืืช ื ืคืืฆืืช
ืืื ืืชืืื ื ืืืื?
ืืชืืื ื ืืืื ืืื ืืืฆื ืื ืืืื ืฉื ืืชืืื (CโHโ), ืื ืืกืจ ืฆืืข ืืืืืง ืืืืคืจืืืจืช ืืืืจ ืืืืฅ ืืืืืกืคืจื. ืืชืืื ืืืื ืืืืืช ืืงืืจืจ ืืชืืช ืื ืงืืืช ืืจืชืืื ืฉืื ืฉื -103.7ยฐC (169.45K) ืืืืฅ ืืืืืกืคืจื ืืื ืืืชืงืืื ืื ืืื. ืืืฆื ืื, ืืื ืืฉืืฉ ืืืจื ืืื ืืชืืืืืื ืชืขืฉืืืชืืื, ืืืืืื ืืืกืืก ืืืืฆืืจ ืคืืืืืชืืื.
ืืืืข ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ืืฉืืื?
ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ืืื ืงืจืืืืช ืืชืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืกืื, ืืขืจืืืช ืชืืืืจื ืืฆืืื ืชืืืืื. ืขืจืืื ืืืืืงืื ืฉื ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืืคืฉืจืื ืืืื ื ืืื ืฉื ืฆืืื, ืืืืืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืืคืื, ืืืืคืฉืจืื ืืืฉืื ืืืืืง ืฉื ืงืฆื ืืจืืื ืืกื, ืืขืืจืช ืืื ืืคืจืืืจืื ืชืืืืืืื ืืืจืื. ืฆืคืืคืืช ืื ืืฉืคืืขื ืขื ืืืืืื ืฉื ืืืกืื ืืชืืืืจื, ืืืืืื ืฉืืื ืงืืืขืช ืืื ืืชืืื ื ืืชื ืืืืื ืื ืคื ื ืชืื.
ืืืฆื ืืืคืจืืืจื ืืฉืคืืขื ืขื ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืื?
ืืืืคืจืืืจื ืืฉ ืืฉืคืขื ืืฉืืขืืชืืช ืขื ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืื. ืืืฉืจ ืืืืคืจืืืจื ืขืืื, ืืฆืคืืคืืช ืคืืืชืช ืขืงื ืืชืคืฉืืืช ืชืจืืืช ืฉื ืื ืืื. ืืงืจืืช ืืืืคืจืืืจื ืืงืจืืืืช (283.18K), ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืฉืชื ื ืืฆืืจื ืืจืืืืช ืขื ืฉืื ืืืื ืงืื ืื ืืืืคืจืืืจื. ืืขืจืืช ืืืกืื ืื ืืฉืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืฉืืืื ืงืจืืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืฉืืืื ืืืืคืจืืืจื ืืื ืืืื ืืช.
ืืืฆื ืืืฅ ืืฉืคืืข ืขื ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืื?
ืืืฅ ืืฉืคืืข ืืืชืื ืืช ืขื ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืื. ืืืฆืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืชืืฆืื ืฉื ืฆืคืืคืืืืช ืืืืืืช ืืืชืจ ืขืงื ืืืืกืช ืื ืืื. ืืืฉืคืขื ืคืืืช ืืืืืช ืืืฉืจ ืืฉืคืขืืช ืืืคืจืืืจื ืื ืืืคืืช ืืืืืช ืืฉืืขืืชืืช ืืืชืจ ืืืืฆืื ืืขื 50 ืืจ. ืืขืจืืช ืืืืกืื ืืื ืืืฅ ืืฆืคืืคืืช ืืื ืืขืจื ืืื ืืืจืืช ืืืืืื ืืืคืขืื ืืจืืืืื.
ืื ืงืืจื ืืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ืืงืจืืช ืื ืงืืื ืืงืจืืืืช?
ืืงืจืืช ืื ืงืืื ืืงืจืืืืช (ืืขืจื 283.18K ื-50.4 ืืจ), ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ืืืคืืช ืืืืืช ืจืืืฉื ืืืื ืืฉืื ืืืื ืงืื ืื ืืืืคืจืืืจื ืืืืฅ. ืืืืื ื ืืื ืฉืืื ื ืืื ืืื ื ืขืืืช ืื ืงืืื ืืงืจืืืืช, ืืืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืงืจืืช ืืฆืคืืคืืช ืืงืจืืืืช ืฉื ื-214 ืง"ื/ืยณ. ืืืืฉืืื ืขืฉืื ืื ืืกืคืง ืชืืฆืืืช ืืืืืงืืช ืืืื ืืงืจืืช ืื ืงืืื ืืงืจืืืืช ืขืงื ืืืชื ืืืืช ืืืืจืืืช ืืืืืจ ืื.
ืืื ื ืืชื ืืืฉืชืืฉ ืืืืฉืืื ืืื ืขืืืจ ืืชืืื ืืื?
ืื, ืืืืฉืืื ืืื ืืืืขื ืืืืืื ืขืืืจ ืืชืืื ื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืคืจืืืจืืช ืฉื 104K ืขื 282K ืืืืืืื ืืืฆืื ืฉื 1 ืขื 100 ืืจ. ืืืฉืืื ืฆืคืืคืืช ืขืืืจ ืืชืืื ืืื ืืืจืฉืื ืืฉืืืืืช ืืฆื ืฉืื ืืช, ืืื ืืืง ืืื ืืืืืืืื ืขื ืชืืงืื ื ืืืืกืืช ืื ืืืืืื ืืืจืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืื ืคื ื-ืจืืืื ืกืื ืื ืกืืืื-ืจืืืื-ืงืืืื ื.
ืขื ืืื ืืืืืง ืืืืฉืืื ืืื?
ืืืืฉืืื ืืกืคืง ืืขืจืืืช ืฆืคืืคืืช ืขื ืืืืง ืฉื ื-ยฑ2% ืืืืืื ืืืืคืจืืืจื ืืืืืฅ ืืืฆืืื ืื. ืืืืืง ืขืฉืื ืืจืืช ืืงืจืืช ืืืืืืช ืืืืืืื, ืืืืืื ืืงืจืืช ืื ืงืืื ืืงืจืืืืช. ืขืืืจ ืืืฉืืืื ืืืืจืฉืื ืืืืง ืืืื ืืืชืจ, ืืืืืืช ืืขืืืชืืืช ืื ืืืืืื ืชืจืืืืื ืืืื ืืืจืืืื ืขืฉืืืื ืืืืืช ื ืืืฆืื.
ืืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืืฉืืื ืืฉืชืืฉ?
ืืืืฉืืื ืืฉืชืืฉ ืืืืืืืช ืืืืืช:
- ืืืคืจืืืจื: ืงืืืืื (K)
- ืืืฅ: ืืจ
- ืฆืคืืคืืช: ืงืืืืืจืืื ืืืืจ ืืขืืงื (ืง"ื/ืยณ)
ืืื ืื ื ืืืื ืืืืืจ ืืช ืืฆืคืืคืืช ืืืืืืืช ืืืจืืช?
ืื, ืืชื ืืืื ืืืืืจ ืืช ืืฆืคืืคืืช ืืืืืืืช ืืืจืืช ื ืคืืฆืืช ืืืืฆืขืืช ืืืจืื ืืืืจื ืืืืื:
- ืืืจื/ืกื"ืง: ืืืง ื-1000
- ืืคืืื ื/ืจืื ืืขืืงื: ืืืคื ื-0.06243
- ืืคืืื ื/ืืืื (ืืจื"ื): ืืืคื ื-0.008345
ืืืื ืื ื ืืืื ืืืฆืื ื ืชืื ื ืชืืื ื ืืคืืจืืื ืืืชืจ ืขื ืืชืืื?
ืขืืืจ ื ืชืื ื ืชืืื ื ืืงืืคืื ืืืชืจ ืขื ืืชืืื, ืขืืื ืืืฉืืืื ืืื:
- ืืืืจ ืื ืชืื ืื ืฉื NIST REFPROP
- ืกืคืจ ืืื ืฉื ืืื ืืกื ืืืืื ืฉื ืคืจื
- ืกืคืจ ืืื ืฉื ืชืืื ืืช ืชืจืืืืื ืืืืช ืฉื ืืื
- ืืืืจ ืื ืชืื ืื DIPPR ืคืจืืืงื 801 ืฉื AIChE
- ืคืจืกืืืื ืืืชืื ืขืช ืขื ืฉืืืืื ืฉืื ืืชืืื ืืช ืชืจืืืืื ืืืืช
ืืคืขื ืืช ืืืืฉืืื ืฉืื ื ืขืืฉืื
ืืืืฉืืื ืฉืื ื ืืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืื ืืกืคืง ืขืจืื ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืืืืงืื ืืืืืืช ืืืชืืกืก ืขื ืืจืืฉืืช ืืืืคืจืืืจื ืืืืืฅ ืฉืื. ืคืฉืื ืืื ืืช ืืคืจืืืจืื ืฉืื ืืชืื ืืืืืืื ืืชืงืคืื, ืืืืืฉืืื ืืงืืข ืืืืืืืืช ืืช ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืชืืื ื ืืืื ืขืืืจ ืืืืฉืื ืฉืื.
ืื ืืชื ืืชืื ื ืฆืืื ืชืืืืื, ืืชืื ื ืืชืงื ื ืืืกืื ืื ืขืืจื ืืืงืจืื, ืืื ืื ืืฆืืข ืืจื ืืืืจื ืืืืืื ื ืืืฉืื ืืช ืืืืืข ืื ืืจืฉ ืขื ืฆืคืืคืืช. ืืืืืืืืืืืฆืื ืืืืืื ืืกืืืขืช ืื ืืืืื ืืืฆื ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืฉืชื ื ืขื ืืืคืจืืืจื ืื ืงืืืช ืืืืฅ ืื ืืืจื.
ืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืฉืื ืขื ืืืืฉืืื ืืื, ืื ื ืฆืืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืฆืืืช ืืชืืืื ืฉืื ื.
ืืืื ืงืฉืืจืื
ืืื ืขืื ืืืื ืฉืขืฉืืืื ืืืืืช ืฉืืืืฉืืื ืขืืืจ ืืจืืืช ืืขืืืื ืฉืื