ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืงืœ ืคืœื“ื”

cm
cm
10 cmโŒ€ 1 cm

ืชื•ืฆืืช ืžืฉืงืœ

Enter dimensions to calculate weight
๐Ÿ“š

ืชื™ืขื•ื“

ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืงืœ ืคืœื“ื”: ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืฉืงืœ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืคืœื“ื” ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง

ืžื‘ื•ื

ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืงืœ ืคืœื“ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื•ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ, ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืžืชื›ืช, ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืืช ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืคืœื“ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื˜ื•ืช, ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืื• ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืคืœื“ื”, ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืกืคืง ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืงืœ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืคืœื“ื”. ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ืคืœื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื, ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื‘ื ื™, ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ. ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืžืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื“ื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ืกืš ืœื›ื ื–ืžืŸ ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืคืœื“ื” ืฉืœื›ื.

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืคืœื“ื”

ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืคืœื“ื” ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช:

ืžืฉืงืœ=ื ืคื—ร—ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช\text{ืžืฉืงืœ} = \text{ื ืคื—} \times \text{ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช}

ื›ืืฉืจ:

  • ืžืฉืงืœ ื ืžื“ื“ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืงื™ืœื•ื’ืจืžื™ื (ืง"ื’) ืื• ื‘ืคืื•ื ื“ (lb)
  • ื ืคื— ื ืžื“ื“ ื‘ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื (ืกืžยณ) ืื• ื‘ืื™ื ืฆ'ื™ื ืžืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื (inยณ)
  • ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืคืœื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš 7.85 ื’ืจื/ืกืžยณ ืื• 0.284 lb/inยณ

ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื ืคื— ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืคืœื“ื”:

ื ื•ืกื—ืช ื ืคื— ืœืžื•ื˜ (ืฆื™ืœื™ื ื“ืจ)

ืœืžื•ื˜ ืคืœื“ื” ืžื•ืฆืง ืื• ืฆื™ืœื™ื ื“ืจ:

V=ฯ€ร—r2ร—LV = \pi \times r^2 \times L

ื›ืืฉืจ:

  • V = ื ืคื— (ืกืžยณ)
  • ฯ€ = ืคืื™ (ื‘ืขืจืš 3.14159)
  • r = ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื”ืžื•ื˜ (ืก"ืž) = ืงื•ื˜ืจ รท 2
  • L = ืื•ืจืš ื”ืžื•ื˜ (ืก"ืž)

ื ื•ืกื—ืช ื ืคื— ืœืœื•ื— (ืคืจื™ื–ืžื” ืžืœื‘ื ื™ืช)

ืœืœื•ื— ืื• ืคืœื˜ืช ืคืœื“ื”:

V=Lร—Wร—TV = L \times W \times T

ื›ืืฉืจ:

  • V = ื ืคื— (ืกืžยณ)
  • L = ืื•ืจืš ื”ืœื•ื— (ืก"ืž)
  • W = ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื”ืœื•ื— (ืก"ืž)
  • T = ืขื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืœื•ื— (ืก"ืž)

ื ื•ืกื—ืช ื ืคื— ืœืฆื™ื ื•ืจ (ืฆื™ืœื™ื ื“ืจ ื—ืœื•ืœ)

ืœืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ืื• ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ืคืœื“ื”:

V=ฯ€ร—Lร—(Ro2โˆ’Ri2)V = \pi \times L \times (R_o^2 - R_i^2)

ื›ืืฉืจ:

  • V = ื ืคื— (ืกืžยณ)
  • ฯ€ = ืคืื™ (ื‘ืขืจืš 3.14159)
  • L = ืื•ืจืš ื”ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ (ืก"ืž)
  • R_o = ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ (ืก"ืž) = ืงื•ื˜ืจ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ รท 2
  • R_i = ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืคื ื™ืžื™ (ืก"ืž) = ืงื•ื˜ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ รท 2

ืœืื—ืจ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื ืคื—, ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ื ืงื‘ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ืคืœืช ื”ื ืคื— ื‘ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืคืœื“ื”:

ืžืฉืงืœย (ืง"ื’)=ื ืคื—ย (ืกืžยณ)ร—7.85ย ื’ืจื/ืกืžยณ1000ย ื’ืจื/ืง"ื’\text{ืžืฉืงืœ (ืง"ื’)} = \text{ื ืคื— (ืกืžยณ)} \times \frac{7.85 \text{ ื’ืจื/ืกืžยณ}}{1000 \text{ ื’ืจื/ืง"ื’}}

ืžืฉืงืœย (lb)=ื ืคื—ย (inยณ)ร—0.284ย lb/inยณ\text{ืžืฉืงืœ (lb)} = \text{ื ืคื— (inยณ)} \times 0.284 \text{ lb/inยณ}

ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืฉืœื‘ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœื‘ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืงืœ ืคืœื“ื”

ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืคืœื“ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื•ืงืœ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ. ืขืงื‘ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ืžืฉืงืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืคืœื“ื” ืฉืœื›ื:

1. ื‘ื—ืจื• ืืช ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืคืœื“ื”

ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื‘ื—ืจื• ืืช ืฆื•ืจืช ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืคืœื“ื” ืฉืœื›ื:

  • ืžื•ื˜: ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฆื™ืœื™ื ื“ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืงื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืžื•ื˜ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื˜ื•ืช
  • ืœื•ื—: ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืœื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืคืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ืœื•ื—ื•ืช
  • ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ: ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฆื™ืœื™ื ื“ืจื™ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช

2. ื”ื–ื™ื ื• ืžื™ื“ื•ืช

ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆื•ืจืช ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจื”, ื”ื–ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช:

ืœืžื•ื˜:

  • ืงื•ื˜ืจ (ืก"ืž): ื”ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืชืš ื”ืžืขื’ืœื™
  • ืื•ืจืš (ืก"ืž): ื”ืื•ืจืš ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื˜

ืœืœื•ื—:

  • ืื•ืจืš (ืก"ืž): ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื—
  • ืจื•ื—ื‘ (ืก"ืž): ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื—
  • ืขื•ื‘ื™ (ืก"ืž): ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ (ื’ื•ื‘ื”) ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื—

ืœืฆื™ื ื•ืจ:

  • ืงื•ื˜ืจ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ (ืก"ืž): ื”ืงื•ื˜ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™
  • ืงื•ื˜ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ (ืก"ืž): ื”ืงื•ื˜ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ (ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื—ืœื•ืœ)
  • ืื•ืจืš (ืก"ืž): ื”ืื•ืจืš ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ

3. ืฆืคื• ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช

ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื–ื ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช:

  • ืžืฉืงืœ ื‘ืงื™ืœื•ื’ืจืžื™ื (ืง"ื’)
  • ืžืฉืงืœ ื‘ื’ืจืžื™ื (ื’ืจื)
  • ืžืฉืงืœ ื‘ืคืื•ื ื“ (lb)

4. ื”ืขืชืงื• ืื• ืจืฉืžื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช

ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื›ืคืชื•ืจ "ื”ืขืชืง" ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœืœื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช, ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื• ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.

ืžืงืจื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืฉืงืœ ืคืœื“ื”

ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœ ืžืฉืงืœ ืคืœื“ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื:

ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื ื“ืกื” ืžื‘ื ื™ืช

  • ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื: ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืคืœื“ื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”
  • ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืขื•ืžืกื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื: ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืขื•ืžืก ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ืคืœื“ื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื’ืฉืจื™ื
  • ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช: ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืฉื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืคืœื“ื”
  • ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”: ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ืคืœื“ื” ืœืืชืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”

ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“

  • ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช: ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืžืฉืงืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื•ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื
  • ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืœืื™: ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืžืœืื™ ื”ืคืœื“ื” ืœืคื™ ืžืฉืงืœ
  • ื‘ืงืจืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช: ืื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืžืฉืงืœ
  • ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืœื•ื—: ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืžืฉืงืœ

ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืชื›ื•ืช ื•ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ DIY

  • ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื: ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืชื›ืช
  • ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืฆื™ื•ื“: ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืฉื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืœื”ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืงื™ื‘ื•ืœืช
  • ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”: ืื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ ืคืœื“ื”
  • ื˜ืขื™ื ืช ืจื›ื‘ื™ื: ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืœื ืžืขืžื™ืกื™ื ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขืช ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ืคืœื“ื”

ืžื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืžืชื›ืช ืคืกื•ืœืช

  • ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืจืš ืคืกื•ืœืช: ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืขืจืš ืคืกื•ืœืช ื”ืคืœื“ื” ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืžืฉืงืœ
  • ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืช ืžื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ: ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื•ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืคืกื•ืœืช ืคืœื“ื”
  • ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช: ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืคืœื“ื”

ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืงืœ ืคืœื“ื”

ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืžืกืคืง ื“ืจืš ื ื•ื—ื” ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืคืœื“ื”, ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื•ืช:

  1. ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื“ื ื™: ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื ื•ืกื—ืื•ืช ืฉืกื•ืคืงื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžื“ืขื™
  2. ื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช ืžืฉืงืœ ืคืœื“ื”: ื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ื” ื”ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืช ืžืฉืงืœื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืœื“ื”
  3. ืชื•ื›ื ืช CAD: ืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื™ื
  4. ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช: ืฉืงื™ืœืช ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืคืœื“ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืฉืงืœ (ืœื ืžืขืฉื™ ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืžืจืืฉ)
  5. ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช: ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืงืœ ืคืœื“ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืœืกืžืืจื˜ืคื•ื ื™ื
  6. ืžืคืจื˜ื™ ื™ืฆืจืŸ: ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืžืกื•ืคืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆืจื ื™ ื”ืคืœื“ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื

ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช. ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืžืฆื™ืข ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ืง, ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืื• ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื”ืคื ื™ื”.

ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืฉืงืœ ืคืœื“ื”

ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืฉืงืœ ืคืœื“ื” ื”ืชืคืชื— ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืคืœื“ื” ืขืฆืžื”. ื”ื ื” ืกืงื™ืจื” ืงืฆืจื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื–ื•:

ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืคืœื“ื” ืžื•ืงื“ื (ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-50 ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-19 ืขื“ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-1900)

ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืคืœื“ื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืžืื” ื”-19 ืขื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ื™ืกืžืจ, ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืจื™ืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ื”. ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืžืชื›ืช ื”ืกืชืžื›ื• ืขืœ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ืฉืกื™ืคืงื• ืžืฉืงืœื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื.

ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื•ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” (ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-1900 ืขื“ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-50)

ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืคืœื“ื” ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช, ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืงืœ ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื ื’ื“ืœ. ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ืจืืชื” ืืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ื ื•ืกื—ืื•ืช ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ื” ืžืงื™ืคื•ืช. ืกืคืจื™ ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืขืœ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืคืœื“ื” ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.

ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ (ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-50 ืขื“ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-90)

ื”ื’ืขืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ืœืœื” ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื‘ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืคืœื“ื”. ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื• ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืงืœื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช. ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ืจืืชื” ืืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœื”ื ื“ืกื” ืžื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉื›ืœืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืฉืงืœ.

ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช (ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-90 ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื)

ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•ื›ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืคืœื“ื” ืœื ื’ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื™ ืคืขื. ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื, ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืชื•ื›ื ืช CAD ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ืžืกืคืงื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืงืœ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ืฆื•ืจืช ืื• ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืคืœื“ื”. ื›ืœื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื ืžืชื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืคืœื“ื” ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืกื’ืกื•ื’ื•ืช ืขื ืฆืคื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืชื ื•ืช.

ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช

ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืคืœื“ื” ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืขื ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” (BIM), ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืœืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืคืœื“ื”, ื•ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืžืฉืงืœ ืคืœื“ื” ืžืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืื• ืกืจื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื.

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช

ืžื”ื™ ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœื“ื” ื”ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ?

ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคืœื“ืช ืคื—ืžืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ื 7.85 ื’ืจื/ืกืžยณ (0.284 lb/inยณ). ื–ื• ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืงืœ ืคืœื“ื” ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื. ืกื’ืกื•ื’ื•ืช ืคืœื“ื” ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืฆืคื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื˜ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ 7.75 ืขื“ 8.05 ื’ืจื/ืกืžยณ.

ืžื“ื•ืข ืžืฉืงืœื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืžืฉืงืœื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื?

ืžืกืคืจ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืงืœื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืžืฉืงืœื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื:

  • ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืช
  • ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืื• ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœื ื ืœืงื—ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ
  • ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืคืœื“ื” ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืกื’ืกื•ื’ืช ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช
  • ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื™ืชื•ื›ื™ื, ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืื• ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
  • ืขื™ื’ื•ืœ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืื• ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื

ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืจืงื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ืขืจื›ื” ื•ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ.

ื”ืื ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคืœื“ืช ืืœ ื—ืœื“ ืื• ืกื’ืกื•ื’ื•ืช ืžืชื›ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช?

ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืžื•ืชืื ืœืคืœื“ืช ืคื—ืžืŸ ืขื ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ 7.85 ื’ืจื/ืกืžยณ, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืชื›ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช:

  • ืคืœื“ืช ืืœ ื—ืœื“: ื‘ืขืจืš 7.9-8.0 ื’ืจื/ืกืžยณ
  • ืืœื•ืžื™ื ื™ื•ื: ื‘ืขืจืš 2.7 ื’ืจื/ืกืžยณ
  • ื ื—ื•ืฉืช: ื‘ืขืจืš 8.96 ื’ืจื/ืกืžยณ
  • ื‘ืจื–ืœ: ื‘ืขืจืš 8.4-8.73 ื’ืจื/ืกืžยณ

ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื ืขื ืžืชื›ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื”ื›ืคื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืžืชื›ืช ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ืœืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ืคืœื“ืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ (7.85 ื’ืจื/ืกืžยณ).

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ื™ ืžืžื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืื™ืžืคืจื™ืืœื™ื•ืช?

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืื™ืžืคืจื™ืืœื™ื•ืช:

  • 1 ืื™ื ืฅ' = 2.54 ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื
  • 1 ืคืื•ื ื“ = 0.45359 ืงื™ืœื•ื’ืจืžื™ื
  • 1 ืงื™ืœื•ื’ืจื = 2.20462 ืคืื•ื ื“
  • 1 ืื™ื ืฅ' ืžืขื•ืงื‘ = 16.387 ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื

ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื˜ืจื™ื•ืช (ืก"ืž, ืง"ื’). ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื ืฆ'ื™ื, ื”ืžื™ืจื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชื›ื ื™ืกื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ.

ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืคืœื“ื”?

ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืง ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื–ื ื• ื•ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืคืœื“ื” ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ืช. ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘:

  • ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื
  • ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืคืœื“ื” ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ
  • ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืคืœื“ื”

ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืจืงื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืง ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ 1-2% ืžืžืฉืงืœ ืืžื™ืชื™.

ืžื”ื• ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืžืจื‘ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืฉื‘?

ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืžืขืฉื™. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืžืกืคืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœื›ื. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืื•ื“, ืฉืงืœื• ืœืคืจืง ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœืกื›ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช.

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืคืœื“ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช?

ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช, ืคืจืงื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ (ืžื•ื˜ื•ืช, ืœื•ื—ื•ืช, ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช) ื•ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื ืคืจื“. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงืœื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืงื•ืจืช I ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื™ื (ืฉื ื™ ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืื—ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™).

ื”ืื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืคืœื“ื”?

ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคืœื“ืช ืคื—ืžืŸ (7.85 ื’ืจื/ืกืžยณ). ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืคืœื“ื” ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื˜ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืืš ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-3%. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืจืงื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ืช ืžืกืคืงืช ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžืกืคื™ืง.

ื”ืื ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืื• ืžืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื—ืœื•ืœื™ื?

ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืขื’ื•ืœื™ื, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืื• ื”ืžืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™:

  1. ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื ืคื— ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื™ื–ืžื” ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช (ืื•ืจืš ร— ืจื•ื—ื‘ ร— ื’ื•ื‘ื”)
  2. ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื ืคื— ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ (ืื•ืจืš ืคื ื™ืžื™ ร— ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ร— ื’ื•ื‘ื”)
  3. ื—ื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื ืคื— ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืžื”ื ืคื— ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™
  4. ื”ื›ืคืœืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื‘ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืคืœื“ื” (7.85 ื’ืจื/ืกืžยณ)

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ืžืฉืงืœ ืžื•ื˜ื•ืช ืคืœื“ื” (ืจื™ื‘ืจ)?

ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื™ื‘ืจ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื˜ ืขื ื”ืงื•ื˜ืจ ื”ื ื•ืžื™ื ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื™ื‘ืจ. ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ืจื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ืื• ื“ืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื’ื“ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืžื•ื˜ ื—ืœืง ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืงื•ื˜ืจ ื ื•ืžื™ื ืœื™.

ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืงื•ื“ ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืฉืงืœ ืคืœื“ื”

ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื‘ืฉืคื•ืช ืชื›ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืฉืงืœ ืคืœื“ื”:

1' ื ื•ืกื—ืช Excel ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืฉืงืœ ืžื•ื˜
2=PI()*(A1/2)^2*B1*7.85/1000
3' ื›ืืฉืจ A1 ื”ื•ื ืงื•ื˜ืจ ื‘ืก"ืž ื•-B1 ื”ื•ื ืื•ืจืš ื‘ืก"ืž
4' ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืง"ื’
5
6' ื ื•ืกื—ืช Excel ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืฉืงืœ ืœื•ื—
7=A1*B1*C1*7.85/1000
8' ื›ืืฉืจ A1 ื”ื•ื ืื•ืจืš ื‘ืก"ืž, B1 ื”ื•ื ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื‘ืก"ืž, ื•-C1 ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ืก"ืž
9' ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืง"ื’
10
11' ื ื•ืกื—ืช Excel ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืฉืงืœ ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ
12=PI()*A1*((B1/2)^2-(C1/2)^2)*7.85/1000
13' ื›ืืฉืจ A1 ื”ื•ื ืื•ืจืš ื‘ืก"ืž, B1 ื”ื•ื ืงื•ื˜ืจ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื‘ืก"ืž, ื•-C1 ื”ื•ื ืงื•ื˜ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืก"ืž
14' ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืง"ื’
15

ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช

ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืงืœ ืคืœื“ื”:

ื“ื•ื’ืžื” 1: ืžื•ื˜ ืคืœื“ื” ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ืช

ืžื™ื“ื•ืช:

  • ืงื•ื˜ืจ: 2.5 ืก"ืž
  • ืื•ืจืš: 300 ืก"ืž

ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘:

  1. ื ืคื— = ฯ€ ร— (2.5/2)ยฒ ร— 300 = ฯ€ ร— 1.25ยฒ ร— 300 = ฯ€ ร— 1.5625 ร— 300 = 1,472.62 ืกืžยณ
  2. ืžืฉืงืœ = 1,472.62 ร— 7.85 / 1000 = 11.56 ืง"ื’

ืžื•ื˜ ืคืœื“ื” ื‘ืงื•ื˜ืจ 2.5 ืก"ืž ื•ืื•ืจืš ืฉืœ 3 ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉื•ืงืœ ื‘ืขืจืš 11.56 ืง"ื’.

ื“ื•ื’ืžื” 2: ืœื•ื— ืคืœื“ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื”

ืžื™ื“ื•ืช:

  • ืื•ืจืš: 120 ืก"ืž
  • ืจื•ื—ื‘: 80 ืก"ืž
  • ืขื•ื‘ื™: 0.3 ืก"ืž

ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘:

  1. ื ืคื— = 120 ร— 80 ร— 0.3 = 2,880 ืกืžยณ
  2. ืžืฉืงืœ = 2,880 ร— 7.85 / 1000 = 22.61 ืง"ื’

ืœื•ื— ืคืœื“ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืช 120 ืก"ืž ร— 80 ืก"ืž ร— 0.3 ืก"ืž ืฉื•ืงืœ ื‘ืขืจืš 22.61 ืง"ื’.

ื“ื•ื’ืžื” 3: ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ืคืœื“ื” ืœืžืขืงื”

ืžื™ื“ื•ืช:

  • ืงื•ื˜ืจ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™: 4.2 ืก"ืž
  • ืงื•ื˜ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™: 3.8 ืก"ืž
  • ืื•ืจืš: 250 ืก"ืž

ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘:

  1. ื ืคื— = ฯ€ ร— 250 ร— ((4.2/2)ยฒ - (3.8/2)ยฒ) = ฯ€ ร— 250 ร— (4.41 - 3.61) = ฯ€ ร— 250 ร— 0.8 = 628.32 ืกืžยณ
  2. ืžืฉืงืœ = 628.32 ร— 7.85 / 1000 = 4.93 ืง"ื’

ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ืคืœื“ื” ืขื ืงื•ื˜ืจ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ 4.2 ืก"ืž, ืงื•ื˜ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ 3.8 ืก"ืž ื•ืื•ืจืš ืฉืœ 250 ืก"ืž ืฉื•ืงืœ ื‘ืขืจืš 4.93 ืง"ื’.

ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช

  1. ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืคืœื“ื” (AISC). ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืคืœื“ื”, ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” 15. AISC, 2017.

  2. The Engineering ToolBox. "ืžืชื›ื•ืช ื•ืกื’ืกื•ื’ื•ืช - ืฆืคื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช." https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/metal-alloys-densities-d_50.html. ื’ื™ืฉื” 10 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2023.

  3. ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืงื™ื ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™. ISO 1129:1980 ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืคืœื“ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื•ื“ื™ื, ืžื—ืžืžื™ื ื•ืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ ื—ื•ื โ€” ืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืกื•ืช ืงื•ื ื‘ื ืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืื•ืจืš. ISO, 1980.

  4. ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื. ASTM A6/A6M - ืžืคืจื˜ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ืœื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืคืœื“ื”, ืœื•ื—ื•ืช, ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืคืœื˜ื•ืช. ASTM International, 2019.

  5. ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™. BS EN 10025-1:2004 ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื—ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืœื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช. ืชื ืื™ ืืกืคืงื” ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื. BSI, 2004.

  6. ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืœืคืœื“ื”. "ืกืคืจ ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ ืขืœ ืคืœื“ื”." https://www.worldsteel.org/steel-by-topic/statistics/steel-statistical-yearbook.html. ื’ื™ืฉื” 10 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2023.

ื ืกื• ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืคืœื“ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ืžืฉืงืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืคืœื“ื” ืฉืœื›ื. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”, ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจ ืื• ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื” ืคืœื“ื”, ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืžืกืคืง ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช.

๐Ÿ”—

ื›ืœื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื

ื’ืœื” ืขื•ื“ ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœืš