1def calculate_molarity(percentage_concentration, molecular_weight):
2    """
3    根据百分比浓度（w/v）和分子量计算摩尔浓度。
4    
5    参数：
6        percentage_concentration: 溶液的百分比浓度（w/v）（0-100）
7        molecular_weight: 溶质的分子量（g/mol）
8        
9    返回：
10        摩尔浓度（mol/L）
11    """
12    if percentage_concentration < 0 or percentage_concentration > 100:
13        raise ValueError("百分比浓度必须在0到100之间")
14    if molecular_weight <= 0:
15        raise ValueError("分子量必须大于0")
16        
17    molarity = (percentage_concentration * 10) / molecular_weight
18    return molarity
19
20# 示例用法
21percentage = 5  # 5% NaCl 溶液
22mw_nacl = 58.44  # g/mol
23molarity = calculate_molarity(percentage, mw_nacl)
24print(f"{percentage}% NaCl 溶液的摩尔浓度为 {molarity:.3f} M")
25

1function calculateMolarity(percentageConcentration, molecularWeight) {
2  // 验证输入
3  if (percentageConcentration < 0 || percentageConcentration > 100) {
4    throw new Error("百分比浓度必须在0到100之间");
5  }
6  if (molecularWeight <= 0) {
7    throw new Error("分子量必须大于0");
8  }
9  
10  // 计算摩尔浓度
11  const molarity = (percentageConcentration * 10) / molecularWeight;
12  return molarity;
13}
14
15// 示例用法
16const percentage = 5; // 5% NaCl 溶液
17const mwNaCl = 58.44; // g/mol
18try {
19  const molarity = calculateMolarity(percentage, mwNaCl);
20  console.log(`${percentage}% NaCl 溶液的摩尔浓度为 ${molarity.toFixed(3)} M`);
21} catch (error) {
22  console.error(error.message);
23}
24

1public class MolarityCalculator {
2    /**
3     * 根据百分比浓度（w/v）和分子量计算摩尔浓度
4     * 
5     * @param percentageConcentration 溶液的百分比浓度（w/v）（0-100）
6     * @param molecularWeight 分子量（g/mol）
7     * @return 摩尔浓度（mol/L）
8     * @throws IllegalArgumentException 如果输入无效
9     */
10    public static double calculateMolarity(double percentageConcentration, double molecularWeight) {
11        if (percentageConcentration < 0 || percentageConcentration > 100) {
12            throw new IllegalArgumentException("百分比浓度必须在0到100之间");
13        }
14        if (molecularWeight <= 0) {
15            throw new IllegalArgumentException("分子量必须大于0");
16        }
17        
18        return (percentageConcentration * 10) / molecularWeight;
19    }
20    
21    public static void main(String[] args) {
22        double percentage = 5; // 5% NaCl 溶液
23        double mwNaCl = 58.44; // g/mol
24        
25        try {
26            double molarity = calculateMolarity(percentage, mwNaCl);
27            System.out.printf("%.1f%% NaCl 溶液的摩尔浓度为 %.3f M%n", percentage, molarity);
28        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
29            System.err.println(e.getMessage());
30        }
31    }
32}
33

1#include <iostream>
2#include <iomanip>
3#include <stdexcept>
4
5/**
6 * 根据百分比浓度（w/v）和分子量计算摩尔浓度
7 * 
8 * @param percentageConcentration 溶液的百分比浓度（w/v）（0-100）
9 * @param molecularWeight 分子量（g/mol）
10 * @return 摩尔浓度（mol/L）
11 * @throws std::invalid_argument 如果输入无效
12 */
13double calculateMolarity(double percentageConcentration, double molecularWeight) {
14    if (percentageConcentration < 0 || percentageConcentration > 100) {
15        throw std::invalid_argument("百分比浓度必须在0到100之间");
16    }
17    if (molecularWeight <= 0) {
18        throw std::invalid_argument("分子量必须大于0");
19    }
20    
21    return (percentageConcentration * 10) / molecularWeight;
22}
23
24int main() {
25    double percentage = 5; // 5% NaCl 溶液
26    double mwNaCl = 58.44; // g/mol
27    
28    try {
29        double molarity = calculateMolarity(percentage, mwNaCl);
30        std::cout << percentage << "% NaCl 溶液的摩尔浓度为 " 
31                  << std::fixed << std::setprecision(3) << molarity << " M" << std::endl;
32    } catch (const std::invalid_argument& e) {
33        std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
34    }
35    
36    return 0;
37}
38