ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื

Hโ‚‚O - ื ื•ื–ืœ ื—ืกืจ ืฆื‘ืข ื•ืจื™ื— ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื—ื™ื™ื

ยฐC

ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืชืงืฃ: 1ยฐC ืขื“ 100ยฐC

ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื

ื”ืขืชืง
ืœื ื–ืžื™ืŸmmHg

ื ื•ืกื—ืช ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘

ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ืื ื˜ื•ืืŸ:

logโ‚โ‚€(P) = 8.07131 - 1730.63/(233.426 + T)

ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ืžื•ืœ ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื”

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ื”ื’ืจืฃ ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ืขื ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื”

๐Ÿ“š

ืชื™ืขื•ื“

ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื: ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื

ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื

ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืœื™ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืืช ื”ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืžืฉืงืœ ืชืจืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžื™ ืขื ืฉืœื‘ื™ื• ื”ืžื•ืฆืงื™ื ืื• ื”ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื™ื (ืžื•ืฆืง ืื• ื ื•ื–ืœ) ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื ืชื•ื ื”. ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ื”ื–ื” ืžืกืคืง ื“ืจืš ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืืš ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ืช ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ืื ื˜ื•ืืŸ. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื” ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ืœื›ื™ืžื™ื”, ื˜ื›ื ืื™ ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืื• ืžื”ื ื“ืก ื›ื™ืžื™ื”, ื”ื‘ื ืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื‘, ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื–ื™ืงื•ืง ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื›ื™ืžื™.

ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื™ื, ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžืžืกื™ื ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ืื– ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืžื™ื“ ืืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ืช. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื“ืžื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืœืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื, ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื“ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื ืื• ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš.

ื”ืžื“ืข ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื

ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื“ ืœื ื˜ื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืœื”ืชื ื“ืฃ. ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื ืชื•ื ื”, ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื ื•ื–ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ืืœื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืกืคืงืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื ื•ื–ืœื™ ื•ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ื’ื–. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืขื•ืœื”, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืžืกืคื™ืง ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืจื•ื—, ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ืื ื˜ื•ืืŸ ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื

ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ืื ื˜ื•ืืŸ, ืงื•ืจืœืฆื™ื” ื—ืฆื™ ืืžืคื™ืจื™ืช ืฉื ื’ื–ืจืช ืžืงืฉืจ ืงืœื•ื–ื™ื•ืก-ืงืœืคืจื•ืŸ. ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ื–ื• ืžืกืคืงืช ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™ ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื:

logโก10(P)=Aโˆ’BC+T\log_{10}(P) = A - \frac{B}{C + T}

ืื™ืคื”:

  • PP ื”ื•ื ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื (ื‘-mmHg)
  • TT ื”ื™ื ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” (ื‘-ยฐC)
  • AA, BB ื•-CC ื”ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™

ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ืื ื˜ื•ืืŸ ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ื”ื ืชืงืคื™ื ืจืง ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™ ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื. ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืืœื”, ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื™ื‘ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœื ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ.

ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ ืื ื˜ื•ืืŸ ืœื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื

ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ ืื ื˜ื•ืืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื:

ื—ื•ืžืจABCื˜ื•ื•ื— ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืชืงืฃ (ยฐC)
ืžื™ื8.071311730.63233.4261-100
ืžืชื ื•ืœ8.080971582.271239.72615-100
ืืชื ื•ืœ8.204171642.89230.320-100
ืืฆื˜ื•ืŸ7.117141210.595229.6640-100
ื‘ื ื–ืŸ6.905651211.033220.798-100
ื˜ื•ืœื•ืืŸ6.954641344.8219.48210-100
ื›ืœื•ืจื•ืคื•ืจื6.954651170.966226.2320-100
ื“ื™ืืชื™ืœ ืืชืจ6.923331064.07228.80-100

ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ืืœื” ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืงื“ืงื•ืช ื•ืžืกืคืงื™ื ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœื”ื.

ื”ื“ืžื™ื™ืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื

ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ืœื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื“ื™ืื’ืจืžื” ื”ืžืจืื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ืขื ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื

ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” (ยฐC) ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื (mmHg)

ืžื™ื ืืชื ื•ืœ ืืฆื˜ื•ืŸ 760 mmHg (1 ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื”) 25ยฐC 50ยฐC 75ยฐC 100ยฐC

ื”ื’ืจืฃ ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ืขื ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื: ืžื™ื, ืืชื ื•ืœ ื•ืืฆื˜ื•ืŸ. ื”ืงื• ื”ืžื ื•ืงื“ ื”ืื•ืคืงื™ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคืจื™ (760 mmHg), ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื™ืจืชื—. ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืฆื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืžื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืชื— ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื“ืจ.

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื

ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืœืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืขื ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืจืืฉ. ืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืฉืœืš:

  1. ื‘ื—ืจ ื—ื•ืžืจ: ื‘ื—ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ืชืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ื ืคืชื— ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื™ื, ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžืžืกื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื.

  2. ื”ื›ื ืก ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื”: ื”ื–ืŸ ืืช ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” (ื‘-ยฐC) ืฉื‘ื” ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื. ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืชืงืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืฉืœืš.

  3. ืฆืคื” ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช: ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ื’ ืžื™ื“:

    • ืืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘-mmHg
    • ืืช ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ืื ื˜ื•ืืŸ ืขื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืฉืœืš
    • ื’ืจืฃ ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ ื”ืžืจืื” ืืช ืขืงื•ืžืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช
  4. ื ืชื— ืืช ื”ื’ืจืฃ: ื”ื’ืจืฃ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืžืฆื™ื’ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื” ืขื ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืฉืœืš. ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื‘ืื“ื•ื.

  5. ื”ืขืชืง ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช: ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืœื—ืฆืŸ "ื”ืขืชืง" ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืœืœื•ื— ืฉืœืš ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืื• ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.

ืื ืชื–ื™ืŸ ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืชืงืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจ, ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ืชืงืฃ.

ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœื‘ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœื‘

ื‘ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ 25ยฐC ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ืื ื˜ื•ืืŸ:

  1. ื–ื”ื” ืืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ ืื ื˜ื•ืืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ื:

    • A = 8.07131
    • B = 1730.63
    • C = 233.426
  2. ื”ื—ืœืฃ ืขืจื›ื™ื ืืœื• ืœืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ืื ื˜ื•ืืŸ: logโก10(P)=Aโˆ’BC+T\log_{10}(P) = A - \frac{B}{C + T} logโก10(P)=8.07131โˆ’1730.63233.426+25\log_{10}(P) = 8.07131 - \frac{1730.63}{233.426 + 25} logโก10(P)=8.07131โˆ’1730.63258.426\log_{10}(P) = 8.07131 - \frac{1730.63}{258.426} logโก10(P)=8.07131โˆ’6.6968\log_{10}(P) = 8.07131 - 6.6968 logโก10(P)=1.3745\log_{10}(P) = 1.3745

  3. ื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืื ื˜ื™ืœื•ื’: P=101.3745P = 10^{1.3745} P=23.7ย mmHgP = 23.7 \text{ mmHg}

ืœื›ืŸ, ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ 25ยฐC ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืจืš 23.7 mmHg. ืขืจืš ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื–ื” ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื™ื ืžืชื ื“ืคื™ื ืœืื˜ ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื“ืจ ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื ื“ื™ืคื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ืืฆื˜ื•ืŸ ืื• ืืชื ื•ืœ.

ื”ื‘ื ืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื

ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืง ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืกืคื™ืช (mmHg), ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ื ืคื•ืฆื” ืœืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื. ื”ื ื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืคืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช:

  • ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ื ื“ื™ืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžืชื ื“ืฃ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื ืชื•ื ื”.
  • ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืคื—ื•ืช ื ื“ื™ืฃ ืฉื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื ื•ื–ืœื™ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
  • ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืจืชื™ื—ื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคืจื™ (760 mmHg ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื).

ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ 25ยฐC:

  • ืœืžื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืจืš 23.8 mmHg
  • ืœืืชื ื•ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืจืš 59.0 mmHg
  • ืœืืฆื˜ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืจืš 229.5 mmHg

ื–ื” ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ืืฆื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืชื ื“ืฃ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ ืžืžื™ื ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื“ืจ.

ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื ื™ื™ื“

ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ืœื ื™ื™ื“ ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืžืžืฉืง ื ืงื™ ื•ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช iOS ื•-Android. ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืคื•ืขืœืช ืœืคื™ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ืขื ืฉื ื™ ืฉื“ื•ืช ืงืœื˜ ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื:

  1. ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื—ื•ืžืจ: ืชืคืจื™ื˜ ื ืคืชื— ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื™ื, ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžืžืกื™ื ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื™ื.

  2. ืงืœื˜ ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื”: ืฉื“ื” ืงืœื˜ ืžืกืคืจื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื–ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื‘ืฆืœื–ื™ื•ืก.

ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื–ื ืช ืขืจื›ื™ื ืืœื•, ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืžื™ื“ ืืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ืื ื˜ื•ืืŸ. ืžืกืš ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื’:

  • ืืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘-mmHg
  • ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืขืจืš ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ืขืœ ืขืงื•ืžืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื
  • ืืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ืชืงืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ

ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืคื•ืขืœืช ื’ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืœื ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื•ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื” ืœื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืขืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื. ื”ืžืžืฉืง ืžื•ืชืื ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ ืื—ืช, ืขื ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืžื’ืข ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ืงืจื™ื.

ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ืช

  • ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืกื˜ื™: ืžืžืฉืง ื ืงื™ ืขื ืจืง ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืคื•ืงื•ืก ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘
  • ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช: ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืชืขื“ื›ื ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืื• ืžืฉื ื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื
  • ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช: ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื
  • ืฉืžื•ืจ ืžื•ืขื“ืคื™ื: ืกืžืŸ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ ื—ื•ืžืจ/ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืชื“ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืžืจืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช: ื”ื—ืœืฃ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื—ืฅ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช (mmHg, kPa, atm, psi)
  • ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื”ื”: ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืžืชื— ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืชืื•ืจื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”
  • ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช: ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืงื•ืจืื™ ืžืกืš ื•ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื“ื™ื ืžื™

ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืžื” ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื•ืง, ืชื•ืš ื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืช ืžืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืกื‘ืš ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ. ื–ื” ืชื•ืื ืืช ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืชืŸ ื›ืœื™ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืœื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื.

ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื

ื”ื‘ื ื” ื•ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื:

ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื

  1. ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื™ืงื•ืง: ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืงื•ืง. ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืชื ืื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ืžืคืจื˜ื™ ืขืžื•ื“.

  2. ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืชืื“ื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ: ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืชืื“ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.

  3. ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื™ื›ืœื™ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ: ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื›ืœื™ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืœื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ื ื“ื™ืคื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื—ืฅ ืžื•ืคืจื–.

ืžื“ืข ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”

  1. ืžื•ื“ืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคืจื™: ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ื™ืชืคืœื’ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืœืžื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.

  2. ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื: ื”ื‘ื ืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื–ื”ืžื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืกื™ื ื•ืŸ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจ ืžื™ื.

ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช

  1. ืคื•ืจืžื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช: ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžื“ืฃ ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื›ืชื™ื‘ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืืจื™ื–ื•ืช ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช.

  2. ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ืงืคืื”: ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืœื™ืคื•ืคื™ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืžืžืกื™ื ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.

ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”

  1. ื–ื™ืงื•ืง ืชื—ืช ื•ืืงื•ื: ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ื‘ืœื—ืฆื™ื ืžื•ืคื—ืชื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืชื ืื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื–ื™ืงื•ืง ืชื—ืช ื•ืืงื•ื.

  2. ื”ืชืื“ื•ืช ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ืช: ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืžืชืื“ื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืžืกื™ื ืžืฉืคืจืช ืืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื ืขืช ืงืคื™ืฆื•ืช.

  3. ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ื ื“ื™ืคื™ื: ืชื ืื™ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ื ื“ื™ืคื™ื ื ืงื‘ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.

ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช

  1. ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื: ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ ืฉืจื™ืคื” ื•ื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื ื“ื™ืคื™ื.

  2. ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžืกื ื ื™ ื ืฉื™ืžื”: ื”ื’ื ื” ื ืฉื™ืžืชื™ืช ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื.

ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื

ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ืื ื˜ื•ืืŸ ืžืกืคืงืช ื“ื™ื•ืง ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื:

  1. ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ืงืœื•ื–ื™ื•ืก-ืงืœืคืจื•ืŸ: ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ืชืจืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืงื•ืฉืจืช ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ืœื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื”, ื—ื•ื ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ื•ืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ื’ื–.

  2. ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ื•ื’ื ืจ: ืžืฆื™ืขื” ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžืฉื•ืคืจ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™ ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืš ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื.

  3. ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื”: ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืื™ื–ื•ื˜ื ื™ืกืงื•ืค, ืื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ืื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื” ืื• ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื™ื” ื’ื– ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื.

  4. ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืชืจื•ืžืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”: ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืขืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžื‘ื ื” ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื.

  5. ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ืช: ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ืžืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื™ื.

ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื

ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ื”ืชืคืชื— ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื:

  • ืชืฆืคื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช (ื”ืžืื” ื”-17-18): ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ื‘ูˆูŠู„ ื•ื–'ืืง ืฉืืจืœ ืชืฆืคืชื• ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื—ืฅ, ื ืคื— ื•ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื’ื–ื™ื ืืš ืœื ื ื™ืกื—ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื.

  • ื—ื•ืง ื”ืœื—ืฆื™ื ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ืœื˜ื•ืŸ (1801): ื’'ื•ืŸ ื“ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ืข ื›ื™ ื”ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื’ื–ื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืกื›ื•ื ื”ืœื—ืฆื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื’ื– ื”ื™ื” ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืื ื”ื™ื” ืชื•ืคืก ืืช ื”ื ืคื— ืœื‘ื“, laying groundwork for understanding vapor pressure.

  • ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ืงืœื•ื–ื™ื•ืก-ืงืœืคืจื•ืŸ (1834): ื‘ื ื•ืื” ืคื•ืœ ืืžื™ืœ ืงืœืคืจื•ืŸ ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืจื•ื“ื•ืœืฃ ืงืœื•ื–ื™ื•ืก ืคื™ืชื—ื• ื‘ืกื™ืก ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ ื”ืงื•ืฉืจ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ืœื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื•ื ืื™ื“ื•ื™.

  • ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ืื ื˜ื•ืืŸ (1888): ืœื•ืื™ ืฉืืจืœ ืื ื˜ื•ืืŸ ืคื™ืชื— ืืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืฉืœื• ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื, ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื ืจื—ื‘ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ ืฉืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืง.

  • ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช (ื”ืžืื” ื”-20 ื•ืื™ืœืš): ืžืฉื•ื•ืื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ื•ื’ื ืจ ื•ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืชื—ื• ืœื“ื™ื•ืง ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™ ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.

  • ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช (ื”ืžืื” ื”-21): ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ืžืžื‘ื ื” ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ ื•ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื™ื.

ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืงื•ื“ ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื

ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ืื ื˜ื•ืืŸ ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉืคื•ืช ืชื›ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช:

1' ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื™ืช Excel ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ืื ื˜ื•ืืŸ
2Function VaporPressure(temperature As Double, A As Double, B As Double, C As Double) As Double
3    VaporPressure = 10 ^ (A - B / (C + temperature))
4End Function
5
6' ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ื ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ 25ยฐC
7' =VaporPressure(25, 8.07131, 1730.63, 233.426)
8

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื

ืžื”ื• ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื?

ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืžืฉืงืœ ืขื ืฉืœื‘ื™ื”ื ื”ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื™ื ืื• ื”ืžื•ืฆืงื™ื ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช. ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื“ื“ ื›ืžื” ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžืชื ื“ืฃโ€”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืขื ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชื ื“ืคื™ื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืืœื• ืขื ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื?

ืœื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื–ืงื” ืขืœ ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืขื•ืœื”, ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืงื™ื ื˜ื™ืช, ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืŸ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื•ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ื’ื–. ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ื•ืœื ืœื™ื ื™ืืจื™, ืžื” ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ืขืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ืžืจืื•ืช ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ื” ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ืœืœื—ืฅ ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคืจื™?

ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืžืฉืงืœ ืขื ืฉืœื‘ื™ื• ื”ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื™ื ืื• ื”ืžื•ืฆืงื™ื. ืœื—ืฅ ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื–ื™ื ื‘ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ. ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคืจื™, ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืจื•ืชื—.

ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื–ื™ืงื•ืง?

ื–ื™ืงื•ืง ืžืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช. ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืขื ืœื—ืฆื™ ืื“ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชื ื“ืคื™ื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ื ืžืืœื• ืขื ืœื—ืฆื™ ืื“ื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื‘ื ืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ื‘ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื™ืงื•ืง ืœื”ืคืจื“ื” ื™ืขื™ืœื”.

ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช?

ื›ืŸ, ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช:

  • ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืื™ื–ื•ื˜ื ื™ืกืงื•ืค
  • ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืช (ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืžื ื•ืžื˜ืจ)
  • ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืช (ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืจืชื™ื—ื”)
  • ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจื•ื•ื™ื” ื’ื–
  • ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืงื ื•ื“ืกืŸ

ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคืจื™?

ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘, ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืจื•ืชื—. ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉืžื™ื ืจื•ืชื—ื™ื ื‘-100ยฐC ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื (ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืจืš 760 mmHg) ืืš ืจื•ืชื—ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื’ื‘ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื™ ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ืื ื˜ื•ืืŸ ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื?

ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ืื ื˜ื•ืืŸ ืžืกืคืงืช ื“ื™ื•ืง ื˜ื•ื‘ (ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ 1-5%) ื‘ืชื•ืš ื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ. ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืืœื”, ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ืคื•ื—ืช. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื“ื™ื•ืง ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื ืื™ื ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื•ืื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ื•ื’ื ืจ.

ืื™ืœื• ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื?

ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช:

  • ืžื™ืœื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืกืคื™ืช (mmHg)
  • ื˜ื•ืจ (1 ื˜ื•ืจ = 1 mmHg)
  • ืคืกืงืœ (Pa) ืื• ืงื™ืœื•ืคืกืงืœ (kPa)
  • ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช (atm)
  • ืคืื•ื ื“ ืœืื™ื ืฆ' ืจื‘ื•ืข (psi)

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื‘ื ื” ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื?

ืžื‘ื ื” ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ื“ืจืš:

  • ืžืฉืงืœ ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™: ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืœื—ืฆื™ ืื“ื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
  • ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ื™ื: ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ (ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื™ืžืŸ, ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ืคื•ืœ-ื“ื™ืคื•ืœ) ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœืœื—ืฆื™ ืื“ื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
  • ืฆื•ืจืช ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื”: ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืงื•ืžืคืงื˜ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืœื—ืฆื™ ืื“ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช
  • ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช: ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• -OH ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืคื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื

ื”ืื ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื?

ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ืจืื•ืœื˜ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื• ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ื”ื—ืœืงื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืžื›ืคืœืช ืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืžื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื• ื‘ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ืฉืœื•. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ืงื•ืืคื™ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื”.

ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช

  1. ืคื•ืœื™ื ื’, ื‘. ื., ืคืจืื•ืกื ื™ืฅ', ื’. ืž., ื•ืื•ืงื•ื ืœ, ื’. ืค. (2001). ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื–ื™ื ื•ื”ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื (ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” 5). ืžืงื’ืจื•-ื”ื™ืœ.

  2. ืกืžื™ืช, ื’. ืž., ื•ืืŸ ื ืก, ื”. ืง., ื•ืื‘ื•ื˜, ืž. ืž. (2017). ืžื‘ื•ื ืœื”ื ื“ืกืช ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ืชืจืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” (ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” 8). ืžืงื’ืจื•-ื”ื™ืœ.

  3. ืื ื˜ื•ืืŸ, ืง. (1888). "ืœื—ืฆื™ ืื“ื™ื: ืงืฉืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื—ืฆื™ื ืœื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช." ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ืœืžื“ืขื™ื, 107, 681-684, 778-780, 836-837.

  4. NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69. ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœืชืงื ื™ื ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”. https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/

  5. ื™ืื•, ืฆ. ืœ. (2007). ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืฉืœ ื™ืื• ืœืœื—ืฅ ืื“ื™ื: ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ ืื ื˜ื•ืืŸ (ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” 2). Gulf Professional Publishing.

  6. ืจื™ื“, ืจ. ื—., ื•ื’ืจื™ืŸ, ื“. ื•. (2008). ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ ื›ื™ืžื™ื” (ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” 8). ืžืงื’ืจื•-ื”ื™ืœ.

  7. ืคืจื™, ืจ. ื—., ื•ื’ืจื™ืŸ, ื“. ื•. (2008). ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ ื›ื™ืžื™ื” (ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” 8). ืžืงื’ืจื•-ื”ื™ืœ.

ืกื™ื›ื•ื

ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ืžืกืคืง ื“ืจืš ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ืื ื˜ื•ืืŸ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจืช. ื”ื‘ื ืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืžื™ื”, ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื›ื™ืžื™ืช, ืžื“ืข ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช.

ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื–ื”, ืชื•ื›ืœ:

  • ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื
  • ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื–ื™ืงื•ืง ื•ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื
  • ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ื ื“ื™ืคื™ื
  • ืœืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชื ืื™ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื
  • ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืชืื“ื•ืช ื•ืขื™ื‘ื•ื™

ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื“ื ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ืชืงืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจ. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื“ื™ื•ืง ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืกื“ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉืงื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ื” ืžืงื™ืคื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช.

ื ืกื” ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื—ืฆื™ ืื“ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš!

๐Ÿ”—

ื›ืœื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื

ื’ืœื” ืขื•ื“ ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœืš